Any injury to the brain from trauma, a stroke, previous infection and other causes.Risk factors for tonic-clonic seizures include: Using or withdrawing from drugs, including alcohol.Very low blood levels of glucose, sodium, calcium or magnesium.Blood vessels that don't form properly in the brain.Injury due to a previous lack of oxygen.Infections, such as encephalitis or meningitis.However, tonic-clonic seizures are sometimes caused by underlying health problems, such as: Injury or infection Exactly what causes the changes to occur often is not known. Many nerve cells fire at once, much faster than usual. Tonic-clonic seizures occur when there's a surge of electrical activity over the surface of the brain. The brain's nerve cells typically communicate by sending electrical and chemical signals across the synapses that connect the cells. Experience an increasing number of seizures for no apparent reason.If you experience a seizure for the first time, see a health care professional.Īlso see health care professional if you or your child: You've injured yourself during the seizure.Breathing or consciousness doesn't return after the seizure stops.The seizure lasts more than five minutes.Headaches may occur after a tonic-clonic seizure. Sleepiness is common after a tonic-clonic seizure. This is referred to as postictal confusion. The person often is disoriented after a tonic-clonic seizure. The person may not become conscious for several minutes after convulsions have ended. This may happen during or following a seizure. Some people may cry out at the beginning of a seizure. The following symptoms occur in some but not all people with tonic-clonic seizures: Convulsions usually last 1 to 2 minutes or less. The muscles go into rhythmic contractions. This phase tends to last about 10 to 20 seconds. The muscles suddenly contract and cause the person to fall down.
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